These cells  allow the body to take advantage of the normal healing pathways at a greatly accelerated rate. During the healing process, the body rushes many cells and cell-types to the injected area in order to accelerate the healing process. These cells perform many functions, including  release of growth factors (GF) into the diseased or arthritic and injured sites. Another main function is attracting Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the damaged area.  These Growth factors (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF1, Platelet Derived Growth Factors PDGF, Insulin-Like Growth Factor ILGF and Transforming Growth Factor Beta TGF) function to assist the body in repairing itself by stimulating stem cells to regenerate new tissue. The more growth factors released sequestered into the damaged cells, the more stem cells stimulated to produce new host tissue. Thus, one can easily see that Cell Therapy and its applications for injection in to the Joints and Tendons  to improve osteoarthritis and sports injuries. Currently Cell Therapy  has been used for pain and arthritis of Knee, Shoulder, Spine, Hip, Ankle, Wrist and Elbow at The Center For Regenerative Medicine.

A subfamily of these cells , are Mesenchymal Stem cells. The MSC (these stem cells are different from the  embryonic stem cells. These stem cells are contained within each individual and are derived from patient self) have  been shown to be multipotent, having potential of becoming ,Cardiac , Nerve, Hepatocytes (liver cells),  Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) , as well as Vascular cells (angiogenesis). Angiogenesis is of great significance to the Orthopedic Regenerative physician whose goal is  improvement of arthritis and sports injuries.